Tag: WORD

Capital letters and Punctuation

  • Read the following passage carefully:

Sara is six years old. She goes to Dolphin School. Her father, Mr. David Brown is a doctor. Her mother, Mrs. Emily Brown is a nurse. They run a clinic together. Sarah has a kitten. She calls her Silky. Sara has many friends. Her friends Lucy and Mary like Silky very much. On Sunday, they all go and play in the park.

  • Now notice that some words begin with a capital letter:
  1. The first word of every sentence begins with a capital letter.
  2. All special names begin with a capital letter (names of people, places, pets, days and months, festivals etc.).
  3. The word I is written in the capital form.

 

  • Punctuation is the use of full stops (.), commas (,) and question marks (?).

1.  All sentences end with a full stop.

2. We use a comma to show that there is a pause. It is used in place of ‘and’.

3. If we have more than two similar words, we separate them by commas; as,

Tom has two toasts, two eggs and a glass of milk every morning.

4.We separate a noun of address by a comma; as,

 John, please meet me after the class.

5. Commas are used after yes and no; as,

Yes, I am going to the market. No, you are not coming with me.

6. We put a question mark at the end of every question; as,

What is your name?

How are you?

Comparisons

  • Study the following sentences:
  1. John is a tall boy.
  2. John is taller than Jack.
  3. John is the tallest boy in the class.

 

  • The first sentence is a statement. We are not comparing John with any other boy. We simply say that John is a tall boy.
  • In the second sentence, we use the word taller. It shows comparison between two boys John and Jack. We show that one is taller than the other.
  • In the third sentence, we use the words the tallest. It shows that no one in the class is as tall as John. He is the tallest boy in the class.

 

  • Let us look at some more examples:
  1. Grandfather is older than grandfather.
  2. Fanny is prettier than Lizzy.
  3. The poor are happier than the rich.
  4. Tina’s dress is more beautiful than Kuku’s dress.
  5. An elephant is bigger than a lion.

These sentences show comparisons between two things. We use the -er form of the word or we use more. We also use the word than.

 

  • Now look at these sentences:
  1. The whale is the largest animal.
  2. This is the finest silk.
  3. Sam is the fastest child I have ever seen.
  4. The giraffe has the tallest neck.
  5. He is the most intelligent boy in the class.

 

We show comparison among more than two objects by using the –est form of an adjective – smallest, shortest, bravest. Sometimes, we use most with the adjective – most beautiful, most interesting. We also use the with the –est form.

Interjection

  • Read these sentences:
  1. Hurrah! The girls have won.
  2. Alas! He is dead.
  3. What! You have failed.
  4. Hush! Somebody is coming.
  5. Bravo! Well done, you have won.
  6. Oh! How beautiful the sky looks.

In the above sentences, the words Hurrah, Alas, What, Bravo, Hush, and Oh express some sudden feelings.

The words Hurrah, Bravo, Oh in the above sentences express feelings of joy, pleasure, and congratulation.

The word what expresses surprise here.

The word Hush expresses caution.

Such words are called Interjection.

  • An Interjection is a word which expresses some sudden feelings of the mind or heart. It expresses some feelings of joy, grief, surprise, approval, hate, anger, etc.
  • An Interjection is always followed by an exclamation mark (!).
  • Some common Interjections:

Hurrah!, Ha! Ha!, Alas!, Ah!, Oh!, What!, Good God!, Bravo!, Well done!, For shame!, Hello!, Hush!, etc.

Verbs

Verbs – Doing words

  • Study the following sentences:
  1. The sun shines.
  2. Birds fly.
  3. Dogs bark.
  4. Fish swim in water.
  5. The horse runs fast.
  6. The spider spins a web.
  7. Rocky plays football.
  8. Shelly writes neatly.
  9. They study together.
  10. I eat healthy food.
  11. I go to school everyday.
  12. The cow gives us milk.
  13. They went for a picnic.
  14. The horse kicked the cat.
  15. 15.   The snake bit the boy.

 

The bold italicized words in the above sentences are doing words.

They tell us what people, animals or things do.

They express actions.

These words are called Verbs.

A Verb is a word which says something about a person or thing.

The Verb is the most important word in a sentence.

We cannot make a sentence without a Verb.

 

  • A Verb is not always one word. It often consists of more than one word; as,
  1. Alice is dancing.
  2. The students are reading.
  3. They will come tomorrow.
  4. I have found the keys.
  5. He was bitten by a snake.

 

 

  • Now read the following  sentences:
  1. I am a student.
  2. The cap is blue.
  3. The oranges are sweet.
  4. He was a leader.
  5. They were happy.
  6. Mary has a doll.
  7. I have a red pen.

 

Here, the words am, is, are, was, were, has, have, help to say something.

These words are also called Verbs.

Opposites

Some words in English have direct opposite meanings. These words are also known as Antonyms. Study the following words and their opposite                                                   

Black                 White                                 Buy                 Sell

Day                    Night                                  Far                Near

Light                   Dark                                   Short             Tall

In                        Out                                     Clean             Dirty

Up                     Down                                   Sweet           Sour / Bitter

Top                    Bottom                               Beautiful              Ugly

Over                   Under                                  Soft                    Hard

Throw                 Catch                                  Rough                 Smooth

Pull                      Push                                    True                     False

High                    Low                                     Right                   Wrong

Fat                      Thin                                     First                       Last

Heavy                 Light                                     Old                       Young

Dry                     Wet                                     Polite                      Rude

Poor                    Rich                                     Slow                      Fast

Careful                Careless                               Hot                         Cold

Love                     Hate                                    Dwarf                     Giant

Open                    Shut                                      Good                      Bad

Give                     Take                                       Sink                      Float

Add                     Subtract                              Empty                      Full

Begin                   End                                       Back                       Front

Laugh                   Cry                                       Shallow                   Deep

Happy                Unhappy / Sad                    Before                         After

Old                      New                                    Strong                       Weak

One                    Many                                  Wild                            Tame

Stand                   Sit                                        Ripe                           Raw

Yes                     No                                       Kind                           Cruel

Warm                 Cool                                    Win                              Lose

Big                      Small                                   Sharp                           Blunt

Boy                     Girl                                      Cheap                         Costly

Man                  Woman                                Remember                  Forget

Brother            Sister                                    Reward                          Punish

Son                Daughter                                 Like                               Dislike

Father              Mother                                 Loose                             Tight

Husband           Wife                                     Profit                             Loss

Uncle               Aunt                                     Present                          Absent

King                Queen                                  Friend                           Enemy

Prince             Princess                               Winter                          Summer

He                    She                                       Asleep                          Awake

Cock               Hen                                      Horse                            Mare

Ox / Bull          Cow                                     Peacock                        Peahen

Dog                  Bitch

There are some of the commonly used opposites.

Exercise 1 :- Fill in the blank in the following sentences with the opposites of the underlined words:

  1. Charlie is rich but Jonny is _______.
  2. Rita came first in the race but sheela came _______.
  3. The day is warm but the night is ________.
  4. My glass is full but your’s is ________.
  5. Mr. Hardy buys and ________ property.
  6. I have only one pencil but she has ________.
  7. We should not be sad but ________.
  8. The night is dark but the day is full of ________.
  9. You pull the cart and I will ________ from behind.
  10. Answer the question with a yes or ________.

Exercise 2 :- Fill in the blanks choosing appropriate opposite words given below:

Big,                     Tall,                    Up,                      Top,                         Bottom,                                                       Down,                 old,                     Shallow,              Hot,                         Deep,                          Cold,                   Small,                 Short,                  Fast,                         Float,                                                       Add,                   Subtract,            Sink,                   Young,                     Slowly.

  1. Tea is _______ but an icecream is _______.
  2. The see-saw goes _______ and _______.
  3. Children love to slide from _______ to _______.
  4. Water on this side of  the pool is _______ but on the other side it is _______.
  5. You should learn to _______ and _______.
  6. A paper boat will _______ on water but a stone will _______.
  7. A bicycle moves _______ but a car moves _______.
  8. The _______ should look after the _______.
  9. Elephant is _______ but a mouse is _______.
  10. Giraffe is _______ but a rabbit is _______.

Words

CHOOSE THE RIGHT WORD.

There are some universal saying that are always true look at the following sentences:

  1. The sun shines during the day.
  2. The moon shines at night.
  3. The stars twinkle at night.
  4. The sun rises in the east.
  5. The sun sets in the west.
  6. Fish live in water.
  7. Birds fly in the sky.
  8. Cows give us milk.
  9. Cows eat grass.
  10. The whale is the largest water animal.
  11. Peacocks dance in the rainy season.
  12. The sunflower always faces the sun.
  13. A crow is black.
  14. The sky is blue.
  15. A week has seven days.
  16. There are twelve months in the year.
  17. The earth is round.
  18. The earth revolves round the sun.
  19. The moon revolves round the earth.
  20. Two and two make four.
  21. There are but two sides of a coin.
  22. There are millions of stars in the sky.
  23. Plants gives us fresh air.
  24. Plants help to bring rain.
  25. We cannot live without air.

There are numerous such saying which are true. We cannot quote them all here. Here are some exercises where you have to choose/ pick the right word .

Exarcise 1 :- Choose the right words from the brackets and fill in the blank spaces . The first one has been done for you;-

  1. Fish line in water. (in water/on land)
  2. Birds ______ in the sky.(swim/ fly)
  3. We see with our ______ . (eyes/ears)
  4. We smell with our ______ . (ears/nose)
  5. We hear with our ______ . (ears/eyes)
  6. We taste with our ______ . (tongue/lips)
  7. We need ______ and _____ to line. (air and water/milk and bread)
  8. _______ are good for our health. (fruits/chocolates)
  9. Sugar is ______ . (sweet/sour)
  10. Butter and cheese are made of _______ . (milk/water)
  11. Bread is made of _______ . (floor/flour)
  12. Apples are _______ . (red/blue)
  13. A dog is a faithful ______ . (animal/bird)
  14. Lion is a ________ animal. (domestic/wild)
  15. Ships sail on _____ . (water/land)
  16. A rainbow has ________ colours. (seven/ten)
  17. We must eat _______ food. (fresh/stale)
  18. We should not play with _______ . (fire/toys)

Exarcise 2 :- Here are some sentences with almost similar sounding words. Fill in the blanks with the right word .

  1. Jack and Jill went up the hill to fetch a _____ of water. (pale/pail)
  2. Baa, Baa Black _______ . (ship/sheep) Have you any ______ . (wool/cool)
  3. My grandmother told me a _______ . (tail/tale)
  4. The monkey has a long ______. (tail/tale)
  5. The hen lays _______. (eggs/legs)
  6. Birds lay eggs in ______. (nests/vests)
  7. Ship _____ in water. (sail/rail)
  8. A lion lines in a _____. (den/pen)
  9. Goat’s baby is called a ______ . (kid/lid)
  10. _______ gives us wool. (Ship/Sheep)
  11. Mother cooks foods in a _______. (pen/pan)
  12. Birds have ______ (rings/wings)
  13. He plays in a _______ . (band/hand)
  14. We ______with our hands. (clap/tap)
  15. We ______ with our feet. (clap/tap)