Tag: sentences

Interjection

  • Read these sentences:
  1. Hurrah! The girls have won.
  2. Alas! He is dead.
  3. What! You have failed.
  4. Hush! Somebody is coming.
  5. Bravo! Well done, you have won.
  6. Oh! How beautiful the sky looks.

In the above sentences, the words Hurrah, Alas, What, Bravo, Hush, and Oh express some sudden feelings.

The words Hurrah, Bravo, Oh in the above sentences express feelings of joy, pleasure, and congratulation.

The word what expresses surprise here.

The word Hush expresses caution.

Such words are called Interjection.

  • An Interjection is a word which expresses some sudden feelings of the mind or heart. It expresses some feelings of joy, grief, surprise, approval, hate, anger, etc.
  • An Interjection is always followed by an exclamation mark (!).
  • Some common Interjections:

Hurrah!, Ha! Ha!, Alas!, Ah!, Oh!, What!, Good God!, Bravo!, Well done!, For shame!, Hello!, Hush!, etc.

Conjunctions

Conjunctions: Joining Words

  • Read the following sentences:

1.  Jack and Jill went up the hill.

2.  Bill is a clever but lazy boy.

3.  Work hard or you will fail.

4.  They are poor yet happy.

5.  I like John because he is intelligent.

6.  I will not go to see the film if you do not come.

In the above sentences the words and, but, or, yet, because and if join words or sentences together. Such words that join words or sentences together are called Conjunctions.

  • Some common Conjunctions:

And, but, or, nor, therefore, because, if, both, only, that, after, before, unless, as, else, till, until, whether, though, although, than, yet, etc.

Prepositions

  • Read the following sentences:

Joy keeps his room very neat and clean. His clothes are in the cupboard. His books are on the shelf. There is a small table near his bed. His bag is on the table. His toys are under the bed.

In these sentences, the words in, on, near, under show the relation of one thing to another. Such words are called Prepositions.

 

  • Let us look at some more sentences:
  1. The book is on the table.
  2. The book is under the table.
  3. The book is near the table.
  4. The book is in the table.
  5. The book is above the table.
  6. The book is below the table.
  7. The book is beside the table.
  8. The book is behind the table.

 

Each of the above sentences has a word (in italics) that shows the relation between the book and the table. All these words are Prepositions.

A Preposition is a word which is used before a noun or a pronoun to show its relation with another noun or pronoun.

  • Some common Prepositions:

In, on, under, near, behind, over, into, in front of, between, above, below, for, since, beside, with, from, after, before, up, down, of, by, at etc.

is, am, are + ing form of the Verb

  • Read the following sentences:
  1. I am watching television.
  2. My sister is playing outside.
  3. Father is reading a newspaper.
  4. Mother is cleaning the cupboard.
  5. He is watering the plants.
  6. They are playing football.
  7. The bees are buzzing.
  8. The dog is barking.
  9. The cat is running after a mouse.
  10. The children are praying to God.

 

When we use is/am/are + doing word (Verb) + ing, we tell what is happening now i.e. at the time of speaking, as:

Mother: What are you doing, John?

John: I am reading a story, mother.

 Activity: Look around you and describe what different people are doing.

Nouns – Use of Apostrophe (‘) to show possession

  • Look at the following sentences:
  1. Tina is wearing a new frock.

              Tina’s frock is very pretty.

          Tina’s frock means the frock belonging to Tina.

 

2.         Peter bought a cap.

         Peter’s cap is blue in colour.

        Peter’s cap means the cap belonging to Peter

 

  • We use ‘s to show belonging or possession.

 

  •      We also use ‘s to show that someone or something is related to another; e.g.
  1. Peter’s father is a teacher.
  2. Mary’s school is very far. (The school in which Mary reads.)
  •       If  a plural noun ends in s, we do not use ‘s, we just use ‘; e.g.
  1. Rama lives in the boys’ hostel.
  2. The soldiers’ uniforms were very smart.

The Sentence

The Sentence

 

  • Look at these groups of words:
  1. Mary has
  2. Mary has a little
  3. Mary has a little lamb.
  • The first two groups of words do not have complete meaning.
  • The third group has a complete meaning.
  • The third group of words is a Sentence.
  • A Sentence is a group of words that makes complete sense i.e. it has a complete meaning.
  • We always begin a Sentence with a capital letter and put a full stop (.) at the end of a Sentence.
  • We always write the word ‘I’ as a capital letter.

 

  • Let us look at some more groups of words:
  1. A bird
  2. on the tree
  3. A bird is sitting on the tree.

 

  1. Cats and milk
  2. Cats love
  3. Cats love milk.

 

  1. Birds and wings
  2. Birds fly with
  3. Birds fly with their wings.

 

  1. The girls
  2. The girls are
  3. The girls are playing.

 

  • The first two groups of words in each group are incomplete.
  • The third group of words has complete meaning.
  • They all are Sentences.

 

  • It is also important that the words in a sentence are in their proper order. Look at the following groups of words:
  1. Toys balls are
  2. Clothes the dry are
  3. Plays she the violin
  4. Black is crow the

 

  • We cannot call these groups of words, Sentences, because they are not in their proper order. Their meaning is not clear. Let us put them in their proper order:
  1. Balls are toys.
  2. The clothes are dry.
  3. She plays the violin.
  4. The crow is black.

 

  • Now, these groups of words make sense. They are meaningful and can be called sentences.